• Book Reviews,  Europe,  FICTION,  FOUR STARS ****,  Suspense

    The Searcher by Tana French **** (of 4)

    This is the equivalent of sitting down in an Irish pub to a rich stew of lamb, carrots, and onions, a side of soda bread, and a pint or two of Guiness. Your friends have joined you and are telling a story that will last for hours. Cal Reddy, a retired American cop, has retired to the composite small town of Adnakelty. He is helping to raise Trey Reddy, a fifteen-year-old semi-feral girl from up the mountain now that her older brother has mysteriously disappeared, probably under BAD circumstances.Trey’s single mom is barely staying afloat caring for her gaggle of kids when Johnny Reddy, her always-ready-with-a-scheme-good-for-nothing-husband, gone for four years, inexplicably reappears. 

    Day-by-day Johnny’s duplicitous enterprise is unveiled and the small community of sheep farmers who have known one another for a lifetime must decide how to respond. They gather in the town pub and thrash out their motivations while telling stories, repeating old insults and practical jokes. Inexorably, Johnny’s plan grows darker, townsfolk are divided, feud-like, Trey is caught in a vicious struggle between her real father, Johnny, and a decent father, Cal, and the effects of a once-in-a long while drought withers townsfolk, leas, and sheep to the point of bottomless irritation.

  • Book Reviews,  Europe,  History,  Nazis,  NON FICTION,  World War II

    When the Sea Came Alive by Garrett M. Graff *** (of 4)

    Graff brings to life one day in a very long war. On June 6th, 1944, Allied Forces landed on the beaches of Normandy, France and began to push back Germans from their fortified Atlantic Wall. Graff’s account is delivered entirely with quotations. The recollections of participants give the invasion intense immediacy.

    Among the unsung heroes are the planners of the invasion. The level of detail required to put 150,000 troops ashore borne by 7000 vessels across 60 miles of coastline is staggering. Having only incomplete information regarding the enemies strength and positioning, they began planning a secret attack a year in advance. The militaries of the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and other nations had to account for tides, moonlight, weather, sea state, number of daylight hours, and all of the possible German responses to  a continental invasion they fully expected. Every ship had to have sufficient fuel to cross the English Channel as many times as it was expected to, as did every offloaded Jeep and tank have to have enough fuel to carry it as far inland as commanders needed. Then additional fuel needed to be transported and soldiers had to be trained and assigned to run, while under fire to fill up the fuel tanks of the appropriate moving vehicles. Soldiers in the right numbers and the right places had to be ready for men killed or wounded.

    Troops needed food, clean socks, soap and enough medical attendants to cope with a number of casualties that could only be estimated. All 7,000 ships had to have their routes planned so their cargoes were discharged without conflict with neighboring ships and in water shallow enough so neither soldiers nor materiel drowned. 

    The miracle of D-Day is that the planners got it right.

  • Book Reviews,  Europe,  History,  Israel,  Jewish History,  NON FICTION

    Melting Pot by Rachel Cockerell *** (of 4)

    Really three distinct books in one cover. Each book covers the biographies of relatives of the author. The first, and longest of the three, describes the early calls for Zionism, with special attention to the highly influential, and all-but-forgotten British author: Israel Zangwill. Israel Zangwill was best friends with Cockerell’s great grandfather, David Jochelman, also an influential zionist. When the first Zionist congress was called in 1897 representatives came from across Europe, Russia, the Middle East, and North Africa. They all carried the same story of generations of pogroms. The need for a safe Jewish homeland was underway as it was clear that nowhere in the world was safe for Jews.

    Some victims of the Kishinev Pogrom.

    By 1903, the vicious pogrom of Kishinev, Russia, intensified the fear of Jews around the world. Even the U.S. was not a safe haven. The tenements of the lower East Side were overcrowded and disease ridden. From the perspective of Europe, America, too, had reached its point of saturation.

    Jewish immigrants on the Lower East Side of Manahattan.

    The author covers in great detail the debate over whether to take a British offer of land in Uganda or wait for an opening in Palestine. The audacity of British colonialists to offer land because no one of consequence inhabited any of Great Britain’s colonies is appalling. The question of whether to take Uganda or wait rent Zionists into two camps: proponents of Palestine whenever it might come and practicalists searching for any safe harbor. Rachel Cockerell’s relatives were in favor of bringing Jews to safety immediately. They helped transport thousands of Jewish refugees to Galveston, Texas.

    Making Melting Point exceptionally interesting is that it is written entirely in first person accounts. Cockerell deftly and expertly weaves together a story using only quotes from other people. Book one, by itself, deserves **** (of 4).

    Book two covers Cockerell’s relatives in New York in the 1920s and book three her relatives in London before and after WW II. Aside from being related to the author, it isn’t quite clear why these people are important.

  • archaeology,  Asia,  Book Reviews,  Europe,  History,  Islam,  Middle Ages,  NON FICTION

    Istanbul: A Tale of Three Cities by Bettany Hughes *** (of 4)

    Istanbul, the city, sits at the junction of Europe and Asia, literally and metaphorically. Istanbul, the book, moved my perception of history eastward, away from an inevitable march toward western cultural hegemony. As Americans, our history often begins with ancient Greece and its democratic ideals. Yet, ancient Greece is adjacent to modern Turkiye. Greeks inhabited Turkiye and the eastern Mediterranean. When Rome supplanted Greece, it too inhabited Turkiye. The Roman emperor Constantine brought the center of the burgeoning religion of Christianity to Constantinople, Istanbul’s forerunner. When the city of Rome collapsed, the Eastern Roman Empire continued from the 4th to the 15th centuries, as Roman rule persevered in Istanbul. All of which is to say that Greece and Rome expanded to the east at least as much as they did toward the west.

    Covering 10,000 years of history is no simple task, but to Bettany Hughes great credit, she delivers more than wars, dates, and chieftans. Combining extant writings with modern archaeological analysis, Hughes spends time with peasants caught up in the religious cross-winds of history, explaining why and when Christianity displaced Roman gods, and how, where, and why Islam overtook Christianity. She details the cultural significance of harems and how Victorian westerners turned harems into dens of iniquity. She tells us how people farmed and what they ate and how ships and bridges and tides and seawalls all played their part in shaping history. Most of all she moves the center of the world away from Paris and London eastward across the Eurasian continent through Istanbul Damascus, Baghdad, Ifsahan and beyond. Istanbul was the center of it all.

    The Silk Road ran through Istanbul. Products, ideas, and diseases, e.g., the plague, all moved through the city on route from China to England and back. Byzantines battled Persian and Indian empires, reminding me that while the history I learned focused on the Dark Ages, Crusades, and squabbles among European nobles, Byzantines fighting for territory were enormous empires farther east.

  • Book Reviews,  Europe,  FICTION,  FOUR STARS ****,  History,  Nazis,  Suspense,  Uncategorized,  World War II

    Salt to the Sea by Ruta Sepetys **** (of 4)

    There is no shortage of books describing the horrors of war, which makes this novel of World War II refugees so remarkable for its riveting description of refugees seeking escape from vengeful Russians overtaking Germany. Sepetys follows the plight of a young Lithuanian nurse, a 15-year old Polish girl, a six-year-old German boy, an old German shoemaker, a blind German girl, a woman who is an annoying German battle-axe, and a young German man with shrapnel in his side, a mysterious knapsack, and civilian clothes, when he should have been conscripted. With Russian soldier hot on their heels, seeking revenge for German atrocities, the main characters flee through woods, on back roads, and along throughways crowded with thousands of additional refugees heading for ports on the Baltic Sea.

    Operation Hannibal was Germany’s plan for evacuating troops and civilians at the end of WW II.

    The cleverness of the book, in addition to its unnerving suspense, is to bring lives and backgrounds of a few real people caught up in a war not of their making. As readers we feel sympathy for the Pole and the blind girl, because if they are caught by Nazis they face execution for being inferior to the master race. But we also feel bad for Germans who are neither in favor of Nazism or warfare in general.

    It is a major feat to engender sympathy for Germans in World War II. It is also a very difficult book to read with the plight of so many Gazan refugees hanging in the balance. Warfare is a horrible way to make policy.

  • Book Reviews,  Europe,  FICTION,  Israel,  Mystery

    The Lock-Up by John Banville ** (of 4)

    The remarkably prolific Irish writer, John Banville, gives his take on Jews in Ireland soon after the end of WW II. Rosa Jacobs is a doctoral student in Dublin and a firebrand supporting long-shot progressive causes like a woman’s right to abortion. Not going to happen in Ireland in that century. Until, that is, Rosa is found asphyxiated in her own car in a locked garage. A hose from the exhaust to the front window suggests suicide.

    Rosa’s older sister is dubious that her sister was suicidal. The coroner suspects foul play. One of Rosa’s friends was a recently arrived German “industrialist” with a hidden past. By the time the German’s ties to Israel’s secret attempts to construct a nuclear weapon emerge, the credulity of the novel exceed its author’s tenuous hold on either plot or characters.

    Banville has won a Booker prize and in some years has published as many as five books. I presume some of his other books are better.

  • Book Reviews,  Europe,  Immigration,  NON FICTION,  Politics

    A Map of Future Ruins by Lauren Markham *** (of 4)

    By necessity, print and visual media focus on the big picture when reporting on human migration — how many thousands of refugees are crossing the southern border of the U.S. or the Mediterranean from Africa to Europe. They also magnify individual tragedies: a young boy, drowned, face-down on a beach in Greece.

    Markham traveled to Greece to meet Afghans trapped in the Moria concentration camp in Lesbos, Greece. She met stranded refugees who are nice and not-so-nice, entrepreneurial and hopeful, or depressed and listless, kids playing in the street, and mothers waiting in food lines. She interviewed islanders who were initially helpful and sympathetic as destitute Asians, Middle Easterners and Africans washed up on their shores. But as Greece’s economy tanked, the European Union locked its doors shipwrecking migrants in Greece, and the population of refugees soared without sufficient resources to support them, may islanders became deeply anti-immigrant. Men and women from the camp were stealing food from local shops and poaching olive trees to stay warm.

    Markham makes it clear that only two or three generations earlier many occupants of Lesbos (Lesbians?) were refugees themselves from Cyprus or Turkiye. Markham herself is of Greek descent and this leads to her most important point. Every North American, aside from descendants of Native Americans, are the offspring of immigrants. Most of us are proud of our ancestry. Moreover, she argues, the concept of national borders, and their so-called definitions of our nationalities, is a comparatively recent phenomenon. (I disagree. There are have been Kingdoms of all sizes, with insiders and outsiders, since Biblical times.)

    Nonetheless, this tapestry of a book covering the global immigration crisis, American and European politics, the Moria refugee camp, and Markham’s personal ancestry is a timely reminder that people forsake their homelands for so many reasons, most of them quite frightening. Most of all they are real people with hopes and desires, more than they are simply refugees.

  • Book Reviews,  Europe,  FICTION,  History,  Humor

    Glorious Exploits by Ferdia Lennon *** (of 4)

    Athenian soldiers attacked ancient Syracuse (Sicily) in 414 BCE, expecting a quick victory. They lost. Athenian soldiers were captured and held in a quarry on starvation rations. Two wine-swilling, Irish-slanged friends and gabbers since childhood decide they are going to use Athenian prisoners to stage two of Euripides plays. Gelon and the irreverent and irrepressible Lampo smuggle food into the quarry and offer morsels in exchange for any prisoners that can recall Euripides’ lines. An epic quest ensues, both hilarious and painful, to hold auditions, practice scenes, acquire costumes, learn dances and songs, and enlist an audience. Gelon and Lampo, who now consider themselves Directors. The Athenians lucky enough to recall Euripides’ plays try not to starve to death.

    Ferdia Lennon’s decision to trade-in stilted ancient look-alike language for the cheeky gab of an Irish bar is brilliant. The two friends decide to stage the two plays back to back–The Trojan Women begins immediately after Madea. Similarly, Lennon’s book has two unrelated components: the twin performances and a mad escape with smuggled prisoners across Sicily. The book cannot quite decide whether it is a comedy or tragedy, and Lennon ‘s indecisiveness puts a gentle damper on the outcome. I suppose Lennon might be saying that life, like great theater, is both tragedy and comedy. Glorious Exploits is a first novel. A good one, but not quite a great one.

  • Book Reviews,  Europe,  History,  NON FICTION,  Suspense,  Uncategorized

    The Wager by David Grann *** (of 4)

    The Wager is the name of a ship launched by the British Navy in 1742. It was part of a small fleet sent to the southern seas to chase down a Spanish galleon loaded with plundered riches. Aside: it is difficult to know for whom to root in a situation where two colonial powers pillage indigenous populations and then attack one another’s ships in a game of never-ending one-upmanship (one-upmanships?).

    The Wager was poorly built, led by inexperienced captains, and crewed by criminals and sailors who could not escape press-gangs. Scurvy destroyed many and the weather was horrible. Rounding the dangerous seas south of Cape Horn, the ship foundered. What was left of the crew washed up on an isolated island off the coast of Chile. For weeks and then months, surviving crewmen starved, froze and and turned upon one another, weapons drawn.

    Remarkably, a small handful of survivors cobbled together a boat and floated to safety 1,500 miles up the Atlantic coast of South America. An opposing set of survivors floated up the west coast of South America. Enough documents of the captain and crew were carried back to England that a court martial was engaged to determine whether the captain had failed his crew or the crew had committed the most heinous of crimes: mutiny. A decent adventure, but missing some of the edge since we learn about the outcome in the opening pages.

  • America,  Book Reviews,  Europe,  FOUR STARS ****,  History,  Memoir/Biography,  NON FICTION,  Polar

    The Wide Wide Sea by Hampton Sides **** (of 4)

    In 1776, Great Britain’s King George sent his Navy to put down a rebellion fomented by British colonists on the eastern shore of North America. Simultaneously, he sponsored Captain James Cook to explore the unknown west coast of North America. Great Britain was especially interested in the northern reaches of the continent, hoping Cook could locate the Northwest Passage across the top of Canada. For 300 years explorers had looked from the east. Why they thought a poke from the west would emerge in the Atlantic when no one had located an opening is one of those flaws in logic that comes with a 300-year quest.

    Cook was one of the most famous explorers of his era. He had already completed two global expeditions. His crewmen knew of his fame and kept detailed journals. His own notes were published. For more than two centuries, journalists and authors have chronicled Captain Cook’s life. Hampton Sides does the remarkable. He has read all the accounts and then written this book as if it were being reported in the newspapers. As readers, we live each day’s storms, make first contact with Polynesians, suffer the trials of monotonous food and freezing arctic temperatures, and the relief (if you’re a sailor) of landing on a tropical isle with luscious fruits and curvaceous females. Each event appears to happen in real time

    All the while, Sides overlays a 21st century perspective on the hazards and racism of colonization with the 18th century toughness needed to spend years at sea away from land, family, and home, instead living in tight quarters with the same handful of unwashed crewmen.