• African American Literature,  America,  Book Reviews,  FICTION

    Guide Me Home by Attica Locke *** (of 4)

    In southeast Texas’s Nacagdoches County, Texas Ranger Darren Matthews has problems big and small. As a Black Texas Ranger he is self-motivated to uphold the law of the land and in so doing demonstrate to African Americans that law enforcement can be a force for good. But he may also face an indictment for actions leading to a false conviction of a leader of the Aryan Brotherhood. In despair over decisions he has made, and swimming in alcohol, he turns in his badge and gun.

    Torn between upholding the law and standing up for justice, a drunken Matthews is surprised when his estranged mother, who gave him up at birth and who also suffered from raging alcoholism, appears, quite sober, with the story of a missing Black teenage girl. Sera was the lone Black student in an all white sorority. Mom, who has been sober for a couple of years works as a cleaner in the sorority at Stephen F. Austin University, and begs her son to investigate, saying all of Sera’s things have been taken from her room and tossed in a dumpster.

    Taking life one day at a time without drink, Matthews, still enraged by his mother’s motley treatment of him over his entire life, cannot resist being a policeman, even though he is no longer one. He investigates beginning with Sera’s dad. Sera’s dad is a Trump supporter, telling anyone who will listen that when Obamacare was passed he could not afford it and his daughter Sera’s case of Sickle Cell went untreated while he and his family became homeless. He has a job now at a meat packing plant, a house, and healthcare for his family. And when he went to a Trump rally, he was treated as a man, not as an African American looking for a handout.

    The action takes place during the first Trump administration. The book was published in 2024 so it was written as a history, but its prescience is frightening, and its study of how to be a Black man today in America is provocative.

  • African American Literature,  Book Reviews,  FICTION,  FOUR STARS ****,  History,  Memoir/Biography

    James by Percival Everett **** (of 4)

    On the face of it, a book that can be described in a single sentence. What would the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn look like if it were written by Huck’s enslaved friend and protector, Jim?

    Everett uses the narrative arc, plot details, and characters from the original, but Jim, in this telling is not simply a slave. Rather, he is an enslaved man complete with emotions, anxieties, family, and the unremitting fear of white citizens. He is well read in the philosophers of his time — Locke, Voltaire, Rousseau — and so bilingually fluent he can speak the expected slave in front of whites.

    The dehumanization of enslaved people is brought into clear focus while Huck and Jim run through the adventures laid out by Mark Twain. Blacks are beaten like animals and an absence of subservience can be trained into slaves by torture. Jim rises above and most satisfyingly, near the end, chooses his own name: James.

  • African American Literature,  America,  Book Reviews,  FICTION,  History

    Crook Manifesto by Colson Whitehead *** (of 4)

    No one does a better job of capturing an era (early 1970s), a place (Harlem), or characters. New York City is on the verge of bankruptcy. Harlem and the South Bronx are in a perpetual state of fire as slumlords, in corrupt collaboration with city officials, set fire to apartments in order to collect inflated insurance policies.

    Ray Carney, a small time fence, and big time dealer of furniture–Can I interest you in this genuine leather Hathaway recliner?–comes out of retirement as a crook. He wants to please his daughter with tickets to the Jackson Five concert in Madison Square Garden. To access the hard-to-get ticket he exchanges favors with an old buddy with “connections.” His friends and acquaintances are people like Pepper, a quiet set of muscles who bangs heads for a living, and Zippo, a used-to-be firebug, burning things for joy, but today is a film school graduate, and Artiste making a Blaxploitation film. Chink Montague, Bumpy Johnson, and Notch Walker are Harlem mobsters fighting for control of city Harlem and the South Bronx. Black panthers and crooked cops strut the streets. Every character’s patter, eye twitch, and sidewalk shuffle is presented with perfect acumen. Don Graham, one of my all time favorite narrators, does the audiobook with brilliance.

    Whitehead’s description, I can tell you from having lived it, of 1970s New York City is so accurate that it feels like he is recording events with a monster sized VCR on his shoulder. His lovingly rendered accounts of 1970s oversized and overhyped furniture made me laugh aloud. Unlike his first book about Ray Carney, Harlem Shuffle, is a trilogy. The three parts of Crook Manifesto, give us an atmosphere that feels more real than life, but falters when a new story is told with only minimal relation to its companions.

  • African American Literature,  America,  archaeology,  Book Reviews,  History,  NON FICTION

    The Ground Breaking by Scott Ellsworth *** (of 4)

    Scott Ellsworth answers a question I’ve pondered ever since I first learned about the Tulsa Race Massacre of 1921. How come I had never heard of it before? Beginning the day after the flames died out, white Tulsans did everything they could to bury the evidence. Police gathered up photographs and hid them. Government investigations and after-action reports from the National Guard vanished. Bodies of the dead were buried in unmarked mass graves. Newspaper accounts were cut and taken out of library archives. By tacit agreement, white Tulsans refused to discuss it. Black survivors, like Holocaust survivors after them, were too traumatized to tell their children.

    Before the 9/11 attacks, the Tulsa race massacre of African Americans by a vigilante white mob was the worst attack on Americans in the country’s history (only if you overlook the decimation of Native American populations.)

    Ellsworth, is a white, very professional historian, opens the book with an impartial account of events based on credible evidence. His description is in contrast to white apologists who insist that deaths were minimal and roughly equal between Blacks and whites. Angry African Americans suggest that the invasion of the Greenwood District of Tusla was a pre-meditated land grab. Ellsworth lays out what can be said with certainty based on surviving testimonies and documents.

    The events were perpetrated by a riled up mob that ran out of control. Think about January 6 and the U.S. Capitol and shudder.

    Much of the book is dedicated to Ellsworth’s tireless search for mass graves of murdered African Americans purportedly dumped right after the riot. For more than two decades, Ellsworth scoured stories and archives, cajoled governments, and sought assistance from archaeologists to help him search and eventually dig through potential locations. Ellsworth is a strong proponent of the idea of paying reparations to the offspring of families whose lives and livelihoods were snuffed out by an unapologetic white Tulsa.

    His contribution was to find the bodies of some of those who had been disappeared so their remains could be returned and reburied with dignity. His other contribution was to write this book.

    The first person was identified on July 12, 2024, following the exhumation of African Americans from a mass grave in Tulsa, Oklahoma. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/tulsa-massacre-oklahoma-mass-grave-cl-daniel-rcna161599

  • African American Literature,  America,  Book Reviews,  FICTION,  FOUR STARS ****,  Prize Winner,  Speculative Fiction

    Chain Gang All-Stars by Nana Kwame Adjei-Brenyah **** (of 4)

    Loretta Thurwar and Hurricane Staxxx are two of the greatest all-star fighters in history. Each woman has risen through the ranks of prisoners competing for their freedom. They have signed contracts to be contestants in for-profit showdowns arranged for regular broadcasts. Fans wear uniforms with their idol’s names. They follow every social media posting and watch special profiles of their heroes. They send fan mail and scream their heads off during matches. They weep over losses and glumly trudge to work when their heroes fail them. Televised fighting matches end when an opponent is killed.

    Adjei-Brenyah holds tight reins on prose that indicts America’s system of incarceration and its failed acts of correction. He brings to light a system that overwhelmingly and disproportionately jails people of color. He never excuses criminal behavior, but also clarifies that solitary confinement, tasing, and beatings by guards does not repair broken individuals, nor do the slightest toward preventing future crimes. He does it all by humanizing all-star fighters like Loretta and Hurricane who are dehumanized by their required acquiescence to their guards every request and who must live every moment under watch.

    Chain Gang is also an indictment of American football without once mentioning the sport. America’s most popular sport is akin to gladiatorial combat in Ancient Rome’s coliseum. A majority of players are black. All will be injured. Many will suffer irreversible brain injury and die early. The harder they hit one another the louder we scream in ecstasy. Chain Gang is an important read.

  • African American Literature,  America,  Book Reviews,  FICTION,  Mystery

    Down the River Unto the Sea by Walter Mosley *** (of 4)

    Joe King Oliver is, no, was, a NYC cop. He was sent to Rikers after being framed for molesting a perp. Now, a dozen years later, still suffering flashbacks and PTSD from his time in the hole, he is trying to put his life back together. He is working as a private investigator when a client asks him to take on the case of a cop-killer on death row. Cop-killers don’t get let off, especially those who admit to doing the shooting. Except, the man on death row is an African American who worked hard to lift up NYC’s most down and out. Now calling himself A Free Man (formerly Leonard Compton), A Free Man ran up against a crooked ring of police who were extorting junkies and prostitutes. The cops hunted down our do-gooders associates and came after A Free Man, guns blazing.

    Joe Oliver now has two cases involving unknown crooked cops: A Free Man and his own hunt for the guys who framed him. He prowls the streets of the city expounding the philosophy of a well-read, self-taught, working class Black man making him one of the most interesting characters to ever interrogate the line between right and wrong. Race and class are given the attention they deserve. New Yorkers, who are honest with themselves, are always measuring and assessing. At times the circuities of Oliver’s attempts to uncover the bad cops who framed him and the bad cops that went after A Free Man are too tangled to follow, but stick with Oliver. His observational skills about life in the city, and about life in general, are magnificent.

  • Africa,  African American Literature,  America,  Book Reviews,  History,  NON FICTION

    Rough Crossings by Simon Schama *** (of 4)

    How did we not know this?

    In the 1760s, a court case in England suggested that any person of African descent living in Great Britain was a free man. Enslaved Africans in America knew about the court ruling. Moreover, they were well aware that Jefferson’s paragraph in the Declaration of Independence had been deleted. Jefferson, though a slave-owner himself, recognized that the hypocrisy of a declaration calling for freedom, equality, and the removal of the tyranny by unjust overseers could not be squared with the maintenance of American slavery. The Declaration of Independence would not be ratified by southern states so long as Jefferson’s paragraph endured and the issue of slavery was postponed until a later date.

    Nonetheless, enslaved Blacks reasoned that the enemy of my enemy is my friend. By the thousands, African Americans fled to British lines, and many Blacks fought against Americans. Perhaps as many as one-fourth of all enslaved Africans escaped plantations, only to find they had backed the losing side.

    After the war, as southerners sought to reclaim their lost “property,” Blacks did their utmost to make their way to Great Britain. Three thousand Blacks, for example, were in New York City at war’s end, under the protection of British troops.

    Thousands of Blacks moved to Nova Scotia, because it was part of Great Britain. (Check out the link, Our History-Black Migration in Nova Scotia.) They were promised land, but promises were broken. In 1792, 1,192 men, women, and children sailed out of Nova Scotia for Sierra Leone to start a free Black nation on the African shores from which many families had begun their journey. In one poignant early election in Sierra Leone, community representatives were voted on by men and women of the newfound village. Which means the first women in history to ever vote were formerly enslaved Africans.

  • African American Literature,  America,  Book Reviews,  FICTION,  Suspense

    All the Sinners Bleed *** (of 4)

    Nobody captures underlying racial tension in the contemporary south, wrapped in a crime thriller, as well as S.A. Cosby. His leads–this is Cosby’s fourth in a series of unconnected novels taking place in rural Virginia–are invariably upstanding Black men facing entrenched, and typically barely concealed, white hostility.

    Titus Crown is the first Black sheriff in a coastal Virginia community. His predecessor was a Black-beating, omnipotent, Old School sheriff who barely lost to Titus in the last election. Crown faces underlying bigotry from the town’s whites and progressive Blacks see Crown as having sold out to an untrustworthy police force. In the opening pages an active shooter is in the local high school. There is, in subsequent scenes, a march by Confederate sympathizers to the statue in the middle of town commemorating rebel war heroes, an outspoken pastor of a local Black Church planning a countermarch, a serial killer, and a child porn ring. Titus Crown’s allegiances to family, community, law, and justice are yanking him in impossible contortions.

    All the Sinners Bleed is a page turner, but also tries to incorporate too many current events in one book. Cosby holds it together, but fewer yanks on a single sheriff in such a short period would have still gotten the point across and felt closer to reality.

  • African American Literature,  America,  Book Reviews,  FOUR STARS ****,  Memoir/Biography,  NON FICTION,  Short stories

    How to Make a Slave by Jerald Walker **** (of 4)

    Jerald Walker is a Black professor at a prestigious Boston college. He lives in an overwhelmingly upscale Boston-adjacent community, and on the surface would appear to have put considerable distance between his childhood days in the ghettos of Chicago and the present day. Yet, as he chronicles his daily experience as the one person who can be identified from a distance as “other” in an otherwise liberal setting, not all is well.

    Walker’s essays are short, often funny, and almost always leave you with an underlying feeling of anxiety. When Walker’s child is accused of being “stinky” in elementary school, Walker wonders if the accusation borne of home-taught racism, and does he already need to explain to his son what he is about to experience, or just a schoolyard taunt? When Walker shops at his neighborhood Whole Foods, white women instinctively seal up their purses, pull them from their shopping carts, and draw them close to their bodies. When his child suffers a seizure, and then another, and he sits in a panic in the ER for an eternity, while others appear to be treated with greater speed, is it because his is the only Black family waiting, because by rules of triage, there really isn’t much to worry about?

    This book was nominated for the National Book Award for good reason. The author makes us tighten up our shoulders with every page and we have to recognize that the fear he has engendered in us, accompanies him all the time.

  • African American Literature,  America,  Book Reviews,  FICTION,  FOUR STARS ****,  Judaism/Jewish Culture

    The Heaven and Earth Grocery Store by James McBride **** (of 4)

    The Heaven & Earth Grocery Store is a one-room general store owned by Moshe, but run, at a loss, by his warm-hearted, open-minded, club-footed (polio), empathetic, and tough-as-nails wife, Chona. The store on Chicken Hill may be run by a Jewish family, but it is frequented by Pottstown, Pennsylvania’s Blacks, who along with other immigrants are all but banned from downtown by the Christian elite. It is the 1920s and 1930s and according to Chona, who writes letters to the Pottstown newspaper, it is the town doctor under robes leading the annual KKK parade.

    You would be mistaken, however, if you went into this book expecting a grim tale of racial and ethnic belligerence. Instead, McBride introduces us to some of the most respectable, joyful, conniving, conscientious, and well-meaning Blacks and Jews you will ever have the pleasure of observing. Throughout–as the the two communities work together to rescue a 12-year-old Black child who has been “taken” to a criminally negligent insane asylum typical of the era — we readers have the unique pleasure of being in the room where vernacular conversations ricochet off the walls. Jews answer questions with more questions and African Americans tell stories that build upon other stories and then lead to new stories as they navigate within the confines of racial America. James McBride is one of the few, perhaps, the only, writer capable of telling such a tale with this much grace, compassion, and drive.