• America,  Book Reviews,  Creative Non-Fiction,  Environment/Nature/Ag,  FOUR STARS ****,  NON FICTION

    A Walk in the Park by Kevin Fedarko **** (of 4)

    Kevin Fedarko, a native of the degraded coal mining towns near Pittsburgh, and his best friend, photographer, Pete McBride, walk the 750-mile length of the Grand Canyon. On the face of it, his book is a story about hiking and hubris, but there are as many layers to this book as there are strata in the Canyon itself. To hike from Lees Ferry to the Grand Wash Cliffs requires traversing a trail-less wilderness with daytime temperatures routinely above 110 degrees and water sources exceedingly scarce. Much of the hike consists of ascending and descending 1,000 foot cliffs.

    So, yes, the book is about adventure and the hazards of becoming overly confident in one of the last parts of the United States this remote. But upon closer look, there are potsherds, petroglyphs, and napped flints indicating that this area is remote only to post-Colonial whites. Moreover, the treatment of Native Americans within the park boundaries has been as awful as it has been everywhere else in North America.

    Kevin and Pete meet tribal members who routinely tell them to slow down and focus on rocks beneath their feet, the wind, tiny animals, the spines of an individual cactus. Words of wisdom for all of us.

    Dianna Sue WhiteDove Uqualla, Havasupai Nation, is a third-generation tribal and traditional leader and practicing ceremonialist recognized for her intuitive abilities. Grand Canyon interview photos with Kevin Fedarko.

    Above all Fedarko despises encroachment by developers anxious to construct tramways to the canyon bottom, fly hundreds of helicopter trips a day to the banks of the Colorado (he never complains about all the rafting trips that he was once a part of), and the overcrowding that has taken over tso many of the country’s National Parks. He very persuasively argues that one of America’s most spectacular wild places should remain inaccessible.

    Then he recognizes how elitist that is and how so much development has been up to tribes whose sole source of income derives from tourism and how important it is for pilgrims from all over the world to have even 15 minutes looking over one of the most spectacular sites on earth.

    There is much to think about when following a couple of guys walking for 750 miles.

  • Book Reviews,  Europe,  Immigration,  NON FICTION,  Politics

    A Map of Future Ruins by Lauren Markham *** (of 4)

    By necessity, print and visual media focus on the big picture when reporting on human migration — how many thousands of refugees are crossing the southern border of the U.S. or the Mediterranean from Africa to Europe. They also magnify individual tragedies: a young boy, drowned, face-down on a beach in Greece.

    Markham traveled to Greece to meet Afghans trapped in the Moria concentration camp in Lesbos, Greece. She met stranded refugees who are nice and not-so-nice, entrepreneurial and hopeful, or depressed and listless, kids playing in the street, and mothers waiting in food lines. She interviewed islanders who were initially helpful and sympathetic as destitute Asians, Middle Easterners and Africans washed up on their shores. But as Greece’s economy tanked, the European Union locked its doors shipwrecking migrants in Greece, and the population of refugees soared without sufficient resources to support them, may islanders became deeply anti-immigrant. Men and women from the camp were stealing food from local shops and poaching olive trees to stay warm.

    Markham makes it clear that only two or three generations earlier many occupants of Lesbos (Lesbians?) were refugees themselves from Cyprus or Turkiye. Markham herself is of Greek descent and this leads to her most important point. Every North American, aside from descendants of Native Americans, are the offspring of immigrants. Most of us are proud of our ancestry. Moreover, she argues, the concept of national borders, and their so-called definitions of our nationalities, is a comparatively recent phenomenon. (I disagree. There are have been Kingdoms of all sizes, with insiders and outsiders, since Biblical times.)

    Nonetheless, this tapestry of a book covering the global immigration crisis, American and European politics, the Moria refugee camp, and Markham’s personal ancestry is a timely reminder that people forsake their homelands for so many reasons, most of them quite frightening. Most of all they are real people with hopes and desires, more than they are simply refugees.

  • Book Reviews,  Creative Non-Fiction,  Environment/Nature/Ag,  NON FICTION

    What the Chicken Knows by Sy Montgomery *** (of 4)

    The more I learn about animal cognition, the more I realize how ignorant I have been. (I recently read an article, for example, strongly suggesting that insects feel pain.) So not surprisingly, Sy Montgomery’s exquisite story telling reveals that chickens have personalities. Chickens can be brave, inquisitive, funny, clever, caring, ruthless, foolhardy, sneaky, and thankful. An attentive human can quickly learn to understand chicken and with a little practice talk back.

    Montgomery weaves together anecdotes from flocks she has known and avian science with such ease that you cannot even see her making the transition. She will make you love chickens as companions and yet not shed a tear when she stops keeping chickens after 20 years. Bears, weasels, raccoons, coyotes, and hawks all took advantage of her birds, but as she points out, the return of nearly extirpated predators to the woods of New England is actually cause for celebration.

  • America,  Book Reviews,  FOUR STARS ****,  History,  NON FICTION,  Politics,  Uncategorized

    Keeping the Faith by Brenda Wineapple **** (of 4)

    What makes this account of the 1925 Scopes trial in Tennessee so compelling–in which a school teacher was arrested for breaking a state law forbidding the teaching of evolution–is its contemporaneity. The trial featured super-attorney Clarence Darrow for the defense versus William Jennings Bryan. Bryan was a populist presidential candidate (three times) whose belief in his own rectitude and the infallibility of the bible was unshakeable. Bryan was a powerful orator with unwavering support from southern, rural Christian nationalists.

    Making the book even more insightful is the effort that Wineapple puts into contextualizing the trial. Fully, the first half of the book is setting the global and national stages. World War I had concluded in unimaginable carnage: more than 20 million dead, largely because of advances in science and technology that increased killing efficiency. Americans fought in Europe and emerged without benefits, feeding isolationism. Tech millionaires on the east coast were making money hand over fist. Elites, intellectuals, and college educated urbanites were condescending and dismissive of rural and southern Americans.

    The trial was a cultural and political clash of unparalleled magnitude pitting the ruthless progress of science and capital against the book-banning, but necessary return to faith of Christians looking for meaning in a world moving beyond their grasp.

  • Book Reviews,  Europe,  History,  NON FICTION,  Suspense,  Uncategorized

    The Wager by David Grann *** (of 4)

    The Wager is the name of a ship launched by the British Navy in 1742. It was part of a small fleet sent to the southern seas to chase down a Spanish galleon loaded with plundered riches. Aside: it is difficult to know for whom to root in a situation where two colonial powers pillage indigenous populations and then attack one another’s ships in a game of never-ending one-upmanship (one-upmanships?).

    The Wager was poorly built, led by inexperienced captains, and crewed by criminals and sailors who could not escape press-gangs. Scurvy destroyed many and the weather was horrible. Rounding the dangerous seas south of Cape Horn, the ship foundered. What was left of the crew washed up on an isolated island off the coast of Chile. For weeks and then months, surviving crewmen starved, froze and and turned upon one another, weapons drawn.

    Remarkably, a small handful of survivors cobbled together a boat and floated to safety 1,500 miles up the Atlantic coast of South America. An opposing set of survivors floated up the west coast of South America. Enough documents of the captain and crew were carried back to England that a court martial was engaged to determine whether the captain had failed his crew or the crew had committed the most heinous of crimes: mutiny. A decent adventure, but missing some of the edge since we learn about the outcome in the opening pages.

  • America,  Audio Book,  Book Reviews,  Environment/Nature/Ag,  FOUR STARS ****,  History,  Memoir/Biography,  NON FICTION

    A Childhood by Harry Crews **** (of 4)

    Published in 1978 and reissued in 2022, Harry Crews, an American novelist recounts the first five years of his life. He grew up in south Georgia, the son of dirt-poor sharecroppers in the 1930s. Stories flow from the pages (listen to the audiobook to get the full impact) like a stream meandering in the gulley at the edge of a sparse cotton field. One room shacks become theaters for orators and minstrels, itinerant salesmen and magical healers. Upstanding Black neighbors care for Harry while his family disintegrates, and a formerly enslaved Grandmother imparts the wisdom of a century (or however old she might be, she doesn’t know.) Pigs are slaughtered, hams are stolen from smokehouses by hungry neighbors, and broken down mules pull plows through exhausted soil. All before Harry turns five.

    Without electricity, and therefore without a television, radio, or addicting cellphone, Harry grew up with an extraordinarily creative imagination for play. His acumen as a storyteller is so confoundingly good, it is impossible to find the seams between the end of one tale and the beginning of the next.

  • America,  Book Reviews,  Europe,  FOUR STARS ****,  History,  Memoir/Biography,  NON FICTION,  Polar

    The Wide Wide Sea by Hampton Sides **** (of 4)

    In 1776, Great Britain’s King George sent his Navy to put down a rebellion fomented by British colonists on the eastern shore of North America. Simultaneously, he sponsored Captain James Cook to explore the unknown west coast of North America. Great Britain was especially interested in the northern reaches of the continent, hoping Cook could locate the Northwest Passage across the top of Canada. For 300 years explorers had looked from the east. Why they thought a poke from the west would emerge in the Atlantic when no one had located an opening is one of those flaws in logic that comes with a 300-year quest.

    Cook was one of the most famous explorers of his era. He had already completed two global expeditions. His crewmen knew of his fame and kept detailed journals. His own notes were published. For more than two centuries, journalists and authors have chronicled Captain Cook’s life. Hampton Sides does the remarkable. He has read all the accounts and then written this book as if it were being reported in the newspapers. As readers, we live each day’s storms, make first contact with Polynesians, suffer the trials of monotonous food and freezing arctic temperatures, and the relief (if you’re a sailor) of landing on a tropical isle with luscious fruits and curvaceous females. Each event appears to happen in real time

    All the while, Sides overlays a 21st century perspective on the hazards and racism of colonization with the 18th century toughness needed to spend years at sea away from land, family, and home, instead living in tight quarters with the same handful of unwashed crewmen.

  • America,  Book Reviews,  Creative Non-Fiction,  Memoir/Biography,  NON FICTION,  Politics

    I Hate it Here, Please Vote for Me by Matthew Ferrence *** (of 4)

    Matt Ferrence, a colleague of mine, and professor of English at Allegheny College, perfectly captures what it feels like to be a liberal in the sea of conservative western Pennsylvania. Matt ran to be the democratic representative to Pennsylvania’s state legislature. Our district not only has twice as many registered Republicans as Democrats but is so hopelessly gerrymandered as to make many races–local all way up to our Congressman–uncontested. Democrats don’t even bother to run. Or, as was the case with Matt’s candidacy, are offered up as sacrificial lambs with little or no support from the Democratic party.

    On the political front, Matt does a bang-on job of explaining the self-fulfilling calculus of the Democratic party. Why invest political capital in races that democrats are sure to lose. Democratic failure to engage serves to reinforce rural America’s sense that it is not just fly-over country, but that working class, white American’s are forgotten and overlooked by coastal urbanites. Matt did his best to formulate a campaign that spoke to the needs of locals, but was trounced in the election.

    Matt is from this part of Pennsylvania, more precisely from coal country south of Pittsburgh, and describes in painful detail the conflict of feeling tied to this land and yet all the while being cast as an outsider. He is, after all, from two hours south, not really from here. He is, too, an academic, a liberal, and a believer in poetry. His series of essay puts to words, with great elegance, my own feelings of dislocation. His landmarks, physical and metaphorical, are places I know all too well.

  • Audio Book,  Book Reviews,  FOUR STARS ****,  Judaism/Jewish Culture,  Memoir/Biography,  NON FICTION

    Becoming Eve by Abby Chava Stein **** (of 4)

    If ever there were an experiment, god forbid, that could demonstrate how we are born with inbred sexual identities and sexual predilections, this would be it. Abby Stein was born a boy into an ultra-orthodox Jewish community. Her fundamentalist sect of Judaism is so strict that all members are forbidden to access the internet and are barely taught the fundamentals English, learning Yiddish and Hebrew instead. Young boys are committed to a lifetime of Torah study. They attend Yeshivas (religious schools) 10 hours a day (or more) six days a week and learn no science or social studies and barely any of the other topics required by state curricula. They live the lives of their 18th century ancestors down to the clothes they wear, the language they speak, and the foods they eat, utterly and completely apart from mainstream America.

    And yet from the days of her earliest memories, without any knowledge that homosexuality even existed, no less such a phenomenon as transgenderism, Abby knew without question that she was a girl. She was raised as a boy, had a penis, eventually grew a beard, and fathered a child, and yet she always knew she was a girl. Becoming Eve is an extremely well told story of escaping fundamentalist Judiasm and a male body and the accompanying losses that come with such a transition. It also confronts the notion headon that any amount of grooming of young people might persuade someone to change their gender (take that Ron DeSantis and your fellow Book Banners), nor any degree of counseling could reverse someone’s sexual identity. If you were faced with years of counseling to the contrary, would you change your gender?

  • African American Literature,  America,  archaeology,  Book Reviews,  History,  NON FICTION

    The Ground Breaking by Scott Ellsworth *** (of 4)

    Scott Ellsworth answers a question I’ve pondered ever since I first learned about the Tulsa Race Massacre of 1921. How come I had never heard of it before? Beginning the day after the flames died out, white Tulsans did everything they could to bury the evidence. Police gathered up photographs and hid them. Government investigations and after-action reports from the National Guard vanished. Bodies of the dead were buried in unmarked mass graves. Newspaper accounts were cut and taken out of library archives. By tacit agreement, white Tulsans refused to discuss it. Black survivors, like Holocaust survivors after them, were too traumatized to tell their children.

    Before the 9/11 attacks, the Tulsa race massacre of African Americans by a vigilante white mob was the worst attack on Americans in the country’s history (only if you overlook the decimation of Native American populations.)

    Ellsworth, is a white, very professional historian, opens the book with an impartial account of events based on credible evidence. His description is in contrast to white apologists who insist that deaths were minimal and roughly equal between Blacks and whites. Angry African Americans suggest that the invasion of the Greenwood District of Tusla was a pre-meditated land grab. Ellsworth lays out what can be said with certainty based on surviving testimonies and documents.

    The events were perpetrated by a riled up mob that ran out of control. Think about January 6 and the U.S. Capitol and shudder.

    Much of the book is dedicated to Ellsworth’s tireless search for mass graves of murdered African Americans purportedly dumped right after the riot. For more than two decades, Ellsworth scoured stories and archives, cajoled governments, and sought assistance from archaeologists to help him search and eventually dig through potential locations. Ellsworth is a strong proponent of the idea of paying reparations to the offspring of families whose lives and livelihoods were snuffed out by an unapologetic white Tulsa.

    His contribution was to find the bodies of some of those who had been disappeared so their remains could be returned and reburied with dignity. His other contribution was to write this book.

    The first person was identified on July 12, 2024, following the exhumation of African Americans from a mass grave in Tulsa, Oklahoma. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/tulsa-massacre-oklahoma-mass-grave-cl-daniel-rcna161599